Internet

Internet

 The Internet is a global network of computers that allows people to send email, view web sites, download files such as mp3 and images, chat, post messages on newsgroups and forums and much more. The Internet was created by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1960's and was first known as the ARPANet. At this stage the Internet's first computers were at academic and government institutions and were mainly used for accessing files and to send emails. From 1983 onwards the Internet as we know it today started to form with the introduction of the communication protocol TCP/IP to ARPANet. Since 1983 the Internet has accommodated a lot of changes and continues to keep developing. The last two decades has seen the Internet accommodate such things as network LANs and ATM and frame switched services. The Internet continues to evolve with it becoming available on mobile phones and pagers and possibly on televisions in the future

2. 3 Collaborative Product Development

Collaborative Product Development

CPD is a business strategy, work process and collection of software applications that facilitates different organizations to work together on the development of a product. It is also known as collaborative product definition management (cPDM). Collaborative Product Development helps individual users and companies manage, share and view your CAD projects without the cost and complexity of purchasing an entire PDM or PLM solution. CPD comes in the form of a Software as a service delivery model, which allows for rapid iterations and little or no downloads and installs. Exactly what technology comes under this title does vary depending on whom one asks; however, it usually consists of the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) areas of: Product Data Management (PDM); Product visualization; team collaboration and conferencing tools; and supplier sourcing software. It is generally accepted as not including CAD geometry tools, but does include data translation technology.

Technologies and method used:

Clearly general collaborative software such as email and chat (instant messaging) is used within the CPD process. One important technology is application and desktop sharing, allowing one person to view what another person is doing on a remote machine. For CAD and product visualization applications  product that supports OpenGL graphics is required. Another common application is Data sharing via Web based portals.

2. 2 Technological Implication

Technological Implication

 Convergent solutions include both fixed-line and mobile technologies. Recent examples of new, convergent services include: Using the Internet for voice telephony Video on demand Fixed-mobile convergence Mobile-to-mobile convergence DEPT OF CSE & IT VSSUT, Burla Location-based services Integrated products and bundles Convergent technologies can integrate the fixed-line with mobile to deliver convergent solutions. Convergent technologies include: IP Multimedia Subsystem Session Initiation Protocol IPTV Voice over IP Voice call continuity Digital video broadcasting - handheld

2. 1 Technological Convergence

Technological Convergence

Technological convergence is the tendency that as technology changes, different technological systems sometimes evolve toward performing similar tasks. Digital convergence refers to the convergence of four industries into one conglomerate, ITTCE (Information Technologies, Telecommunication, Consumer Electronics, and Entertainment).Previously separate technologies such as voice data and productivity applications, and video can now share resources and interact with each other synergistically. Telecommunications convergence, network convergence or simply convergence are broad terms used to describe emerging telecommunications technologies, and network architecture used to migrate multiple communications services into a single network. Convergence in this instance is defined as the interlinking of computing and other information technologies, media content, and communication networks that has arisen as the result of the evolution and popularization of the Internet as well as the activities, products and services that have emerged in the digital media space. Convergent services, such as VoIP, IPTV, Mobile TV, Smart TV, and others, tend to replace the older technologies and thus can disrupt markets. IP-based convergence is inevitable and will result in new service and new demand in the market.

Convergence

Convergence

is a coming together of two or more distinct entities or phenomena. Convergence is increasingly prevalent in the IT world; in this context the term refers to the combination of two or more different technologies in a single device. Taking pictures with a cell phone and surfing the Web on a television are two of the most common examples of this trend.

Convergence may influence consumers to accept new technologies. According to some studies, people who aren't computer literate are more likely to embrace the Internet, video-on-demand, and so on if they can -- at least initially -- access these technologies through their televisions. In general, TV is familiar and non-threatening. Displays are large and TVs are easy to operate, requiring almost no training. Personal computers, in spite of their graphical user interfaces ( GUI ) tend to be more text-oriented, highly interactive, oriented in terms of purpose and content toward business and education uses. Displays are smaller. Computers can be very challenging to use and usually require formal education or a certain personal learning curve.

Computer-television convergence is already underway with WebTV , which pipes the World Wide Web to a slightly-modified TV set with a set-top box from an ordinary phone line and provides a degree of interactivity. A number of interactive games designed for the TV environment can also be played over the Internet. Broadcasting companies such as NBC have partnered with computer companies such as Microsoft for TV program content.

A major barrier to more rapid convergence is the large investment required to bring cable TV to households, both by cable access providers and individual households. Satellitewireless service is another approach that is only beginning to bring its subscribers access to the Internet. Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL ) technologies offer the possibility of sufficientbandwidth connections over ordinary phone wires for streaming video to TV sets.

A consortium of leading computer and telecommunication companies including Compaq, IBM, and Microsoft are working toward common standards that will help speed up convergence and hope to sponsor a standard for a relatively low-cost digital TV . They have endorsed a subset of the recommendations of the Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) that would speed up a transition to digital TV and so that personal computers could have the ability to receive digital video and data.

Web Security

Web Security

It is a branch of information Security that deals specifically with security of websites, web applications and web services. At the high level, Web application security draws on the principles of application security but applies them specifically to Internet and Web systems. Typically web applications are developed using programming languages such as PHP, Java EE, Java, Python, Ruby, ASP.NET, C#, VB.NET or Classic ASP.

1. 10 Wireless Application Protocol

Wireless Application Protocol

WAP is a technical standard for accessing information over a mobile wireless network. A WAP browser is a web browser for mobile devices such as mobile phones that uses the protocol. WAP is a specification for a set of communication protocols to standardize the way that wireless devices, such as cellular telephones and radio transceivers, can be used for Internet access, including e-mail, the World Wide Web, newsgroups, and instant messaging. DEPT OF CSE & IT VSSLUT, Burla The WAP layers are: Wireless Application Environment (WAE) Wireless Session Layer(WSL) Wireless Transport Layer Security(WTLS) Wireless Transport Layer(WTP).

Advantages of Internet

Advantages of Internet

There many advantages of using the internet such as:

Email

                Email is now an essential communication tool in business. It is also excellent for keeping in touch with family and friends. The advantages to email is that it is free (no charge per use) when compared to telephone, fax and postal services.

Information

                There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support.

Services

                Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job seeking and applications, and hotel reservation. Often these services are not available off-line or cost more.

Buy or Sell Products

                The internet is a very effective way to buy and sell products all over the world.

Communities

                Communities of all types have sprung up on the internet. It’s a great way to meep up with people of similar interest and discuss common issues.

A Leading-Edge Image

                Presenting your company organization as leading-edge shows your customers and prospective customers that you are financially strong, technologically savvy, and ready for the 21^st century. And that you care enough about your customers to take advantages of new technologies for their benefits. And finally that you have the resources to support your clients in the most beneficial manner possible. More and more advertisers on television, radio, magazines, and newspapers are including a Web address. Now is the time to avoid playing catch-up later.

Improved Customer Services

                The companies are available to their customers 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The internet never sleeps. Whenever customers needs information about any company, products or services, they can access the company’s Web Page,

Market Expansion

                The internet is a global system. Latest estimates are that there are about 40 million people with access to the internet, and this number is growing every day. By simply posting a Web Page you are also addressing International markets.

Low Cost Marketing

                Imagine developing a full color brochure without having to incur the cost of proofs, printers, wasted paper, long lead times between revisions, and more. The imagine a full color product or services brochure that is interactive and which incorporates text, graphics, audio, and/or video. One that can be immediately updated without incurring the usual costs of product material updates.

Low Cost Selling

                Without the cost direct selling potential customers can get detailed information about your products or services at anytime. And they can easily order your products over the internet, or request additional information be sent them via a request from your Web page.

Low Communication Costs

                Your time, and your employees time, is valuable. Most businesses and organizations spend time answering the same questions over and over again. With a Web page you can make the answers DEPT of CSE&IT VSSUT, Burla available to everyone immediately. You can also update your Web page with new information quickly and easily.

Government to Citizen (G2C)

Government to Citizen (G2C)

                Government uses G2C model website to approach citizen in general. Such websites support auctions of vehicles, machinery or any other material. Such website also provides services like registration for birth, marriage or death certificates. Main objectives of G2C website are to reduce average time for fulfilling people requests for various government services.

Government to Citizen

Example:

                A wholesaler places an order from a company’s website and after. Government uses G2C Model website to approach citizen in general.

Government to Business (G2B)

Government to Business (G2B)

                Government uses B2G model website to approach business organization. Such websites support auctions, tenders and application submission functionalities.

Government to Business

Example:

e-Tender Box (ETB) system

Business to Government (B2G)

Business to Government (B2G)

                B2G model is a variant of B2B model. Such websites are used by government to trade and exchange information with various business organizations. Such websites are accredited by the government and provide a medium to business to submit application forms to the government.

Business to Government

Example:

                An example of a business to government company is a firm that offers IT consulting services to a government agency. The government uses the B2G arrangement in order to keep its technology up to date and in working condition, while at the same time limiting expenses by not taking on full-time staff who would require benefits.

Definition of E-Governance

Electronic Governance or E-Governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of information communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and services between government-to-customer (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government (G2G) as well as back office processes and interactions within the entire government framework. Through e-governance, government services will be made available to citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The three main target groups that can be distinguished in governance concepts are government, citizens and businesses/interest groups. In e-governance there are no distinct boundaries.